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#Energy & Sustainability

​Perspectives on European Energy Resilience and Policy Alignment 

  • March 10, 2026
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Read the Paper "Perspectives on European Energy Resilience and Policy Alignment"

In this paper, CERRE Academic Co-Director Catherine Banet and CERRE Fellow Paul Timmers examine how resilience can be better embedded in European energy regulation. The paper builds on the conclusions of the five issue papers produced under CERRE’s Resilience Forum, “Towards an Integrated Approach to Infrastructure and Market Resilience”, and situates these findings within the broader context of both energy and digital policy frameworks.

Europe’s energy system is facing growing resilience challenges. Climate change, the energy transition, technological developments, cyber and physical threats, and supply chain vulnerabilities are placing increasing strain on energy infrastructures and markets. While EU policies increasingly refer to resilience as a key objective, regulatory approaches often remain fragmented across different policy domains and focused on cost-efficiency first – a principle that leaves limited room for resilience-related investments.

Drawing on the five CERRE papers, covering climate resilience, security of supply in the era of electrification, cyber resilience, supply chains, and price shocks, the authors outline a more systemic approach to resilience in the European energy system. They emphasise that a resilient framework must address both the sources of disruption affecting the system and the capacity of regulatory frameworks themselves to withstand and adapt to shocks.

The paper highlights priorities for policy alignment across energy and digital regulation, resilience governance across different levels, supply chain resilience, and investment frameworks. At a time when the EU is preparing to review its security of supply framework, the authors argue that embedding resilience-by-design in regulation will be essential to ensure the stability of Europe’s energy system.

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Read the Paper "Perspectives on European Energy Resilience and Policy Alignment"
Perspectives On European Energy Resilience And Policy Alignment
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Author(s)
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Catherine Banet (2)
Catherine Banet
Academic Director
and University of Oslo

Catherine Banet (PhD) is Professor of Law at the University of Oslo and Head of the Department for Energy and Resources Law, Norway.

Her legal research activities focus on energy market design, energy transport infrastructures regulation, support schemes and financing models, focusing on renewable energy and notably offshore wind, climate change mitigation measures such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), and hydrogen regulation.

Prof. Banet has a background from the private law practice (Norway, France), the European Commission (DG ENV), U.S. diplomatic mission and academia. She is a member of the Academic Advisory Group of the Section on Energy, Environment and Infrastructure Law of the IBA, and Chair of the Board of the Norwegian Energy Law Association.

Catherine Banet (PhD) is Professor of Law at the University of Oslo and Head of the Department for Energy and Resources Law, Norway.

Her legal research activities focus on energy market design, energy transport infrastructures regulation, support schemes and financing models, focusing on renewable energy and notably offshore wind, climate change mitigation measures such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), and hydrogen regulation.

Prof. Banet has a background from the private law practice (Norway, France), the European Commission (DG ENV), U.S. diplomatic mission and academia. She is a member of the Academic Advisory Group of the Section on Energy, Environment and Infrastructure Law of the IBA, and Chair of the Board of the Norwegian Energy Law Association.

Paul Timmers (3)
Paul Timmers
Research Fellow
and KU Leuven and EUC Cyprus

Prof Dr Paul Timmers is a research associate at the University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute, professor at European University Cyprus, visiting professor at KU Leuven and the University of Rijeka, senior advisor EPC Brussels, President of the Supervisory Board Estonian eGovernance Academy and CEO of iivii.  Previously, he was Director at the European Commission/DG CONNECT where has held responsibility for legislation and funding programmes for cybersecurity, eID, digital privacy, digital health, smart cities, and e-government. At the European Commission, he was also a cabinet member of European Commissioner Liikanen. He worked as manager of a software department in a large ICT company and co-founded an ICT start-up. He holds a physics PhD from Radboud University (Nijmegen, NL), MBA from Warwick University (UK), EU fellowship at UNC Chapel Hill (US), and a cybersecurity qualification from Harvard. His main interests are digital policy, geopolitics, and Europe. He frequently publishes and speaks on the interplay of digital developments with sovereignty, cybersecurity, industrial policy, and sectoral policies such as digital health and is regularly advising governments and think tanks.

Prof Dr Paul Timmers is a research associate at the University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute, professor at European University Cyprus, visiting professor at KU Leuven and the University of Rijeka, senior advisor EPC Brussels, President of the Supervisory Board Estonian eGovernance Academy and CEO of iivii.  Previously, he was Director at the European Commission/DG CONNECT where has held responsibility for legislation and funding programmes for cybersecurity, eID, digital privacy, digital health, smart cities, and e-government. At the European Commission, he was also a cabinet member of European Commissioner Liikanen. He worked as manager of a software department in a large ICT company and co-founded an ICT start-up. He holds a physics PhD from Radboud University (Nijmegen, NL), MBA from Warwick University (UK), EU fellowship at UNC Chapel Hill (US), and a cybersecurity qualification from Harvard. His main interests are digital policy, geopolitics, and Europe. He frequently publishes and speaks on the interplay of digital developments with sovereignty, cybersecurity, industrial policy, and sectoral policies such as digital health and is regularly advising governments and think tanks.

More publications

on #Energy & Sustainability

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4 March 2026

Supply Chain Resilience in the Electricity Sector

17 February 2026

Cyber Resilience as a Pillar of European Energy Security

16 December 2025

Updating the Security of Energy Supply Architecture and Preparedness Toolbox for an Increasingly Electrified Energy System

4 November 2025

Embedding Climate Resilience in Regulation

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30 September 2025

Cross-Border Cost Allocation for Electricity Transmission Networks

24 June 2025

Flexibility in the Energy Sector

27 May 2025

Market Design Options for CCS in Europe: CO2 Transport and Storage Regulation

25 March 2025

Europe’s Pathways to Net Zero: The Role of Renewable Gases and Flexibility

15 October 2024

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