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#Tech, Media & Telecom

AI Governance and Geopolitics

  • May 27, 2026
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Read the Issue Paper "AI Governance And Geopolitics"

The geopolitics of AI governance are in flux

Governance of AI is one of the main areas where the current geopolitical upheaval is playing out. How the EU positions itself in this environment, and which governance tools it deploys, will have significant consequences for both its regulatory influence and its broader economic and industrial objectives.

Summary and Key Findings

This CERRE Issue Paper by Research Fellow Pierre Larouche develops an analytical framework for mapping the AI governance postures of the main geopolitical actors. It then assesses the strategic options available to the EU. It argues that the US, at least at the federal level, is moving closer to China’s approach, where state objectives take precedence across the AI technology stack. This leaves other jurisdictions, including the EU, with constraints: they face concentrated private power largely in foreign hands and cannot effectively match the ambitions of the two emerging digital empires.

The paper finds that the EU’s current policy trajectory, centred on the AI Act and complementary instruments such as competition law and the DMA, reflects a distinct approach, and that the EU does not need to attempt to replicate the governance model pursued by Washington and Beijing. However, realising the potential of that approach requires integrating the two levers of governance — state control through the AIA and associated instruments, and the promotion of more dispersed private power through competition law and the enforcement of the DMA  — into a coherent policy framework. The paper identifies the conditions under which such integration could strengthen the EU’s position, both as a credible partner for like-minded jurisdictions and as a governance model that serves Europe’s broader economic and societal goals.

The Issue Paper will be presented at the CERRE EU Competitiveness Summit on 30 September 2026.

Document(s)
Read the Issue Paper "AI Governance And Geopolitics"
AI Governance And Geopolitics
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Author(s)
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Pierre Larouche
Pierre Larouche
Research Fellow
and University of Montréal

Prof. Pierre Larouche holds the chair of Law and Innovation at Université de Montréal, where he also directs the PhD programme on Innovation, Science, Technology and Law.

A graduate of McGill University, Bonn University and Maastricht University and a law clerk at the Supreme Court of Canada, Pierre Larouche was Professor of Competition Law at Tilburg University (Netherlands) from 2002 to 2017. There he founded and directed the Tilburg Law and Economics Center (TILEC), one of the largest research centres on economic governance. He also conceived and launched the Bachelor Global Law, an innovative law degree inspired by his meta-comparative and inter-disciplinary method. In his capacity as Associate Dean, he led the LL.B. reform at Université de Montréal. Pierre Larouche also taught at the College of Europe (Bruges) (2004-2016), and he has been a guest professor or scholar at McGill University (2002), National University of Singapore (2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013), Northwestern University (2009-2010, 2016-2017), Sciences Po (2012), the University of Pennsylvania (2015) and the Inter-Disciplinary Center (IDC, 2016).

Pierre Larouche’s research centers around economic governance, and in particular how law and regulation struggle to deal with complex phenomena such as innovation. An expert in competition law and civil liability, his works have been cited by the European Court of Justice and the UK Supreme Court, and they have influenced EU policy on electronic communications, competition and standardisation.

Prof. Pierre Larouche holds the chair of Law and Innovation at Université de Montréal, where he also directs the PhD programme on Innovation, Science, Technology and Law.

A graduate of McGill University, Bonn University and Maastricht University and a law clerk at the Supreme Court of Canada, Pierre Larouche was Professor of Competition Law at Tilburg University (Netherlands) from 2002 to 2017. There he founded and directed the Tilburg Law and Economics Center (TILEC), one of the largest research centres on economic governance. He also conceived and launched the Bachelor Global Law, an innovative law degree inspired by his meta-comparative and inter-disciplinary method. In his capacity as Associate Dean, he led the LL.B. reform at Université de Montréal. Pierre Larouche also taught at the College of Europe (Bruges) (2004-2016), and he has been a guest professor or scholar at McGill University (2002), National University of Singapore (2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013), Northwestern University (2009-2010, 2016-2017), Sciences Po (2012), the University of Pennsylvania (2015) and the Inter-Disciplinary Center (IDC, 2016).

Pierre Larouche’s research centers around economic governance, and in particular how law and regulation struggle to deal with complex phenomena such as innovation. An expert in competition law and civil liability, his works have been cited by the European Court of Justice and the UK Supreme Court, and they have influenced EU policy on electronic communications, competition and standardisation.

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